Monday was finally warm and sunny, reaching 20°C, with only a hint of a breeze. I hope it’s not going to be one of those years where the weekdays are sunny and beautiful while the weekends are rainy and cold! I headed over to Terry Carisse Park on the Jock River on my lunch break to test my theory that rivers and streams would have more odes than marshes and ponds badly affected by last year’s drought. This not a great park for dragonflies but an excellent one for damselflies. When I scanned the lawn for baskettails I did not see a single one – I’ve had Common Baskettails here the last two years both flying over the grass and over the water. I checked the river in three different spots and the only dragonfly I saw was a Common Green Darner on patrol. I didn’t even see any damselflies lurking in the vegetation at the canoe launch.
From there I returned to the lawn and began checking the sunlit vegetation on the east side. At last I had some luck, finding both Eastern and Fragile Forktails in relatively small numbers.
Fragile Forktail (Ischnura posita)
Both immature and mature individuals were present – I did not see any mature females. There were perhaps four or five of each.
Eastern Forktail (Ischnura verticalis)
I did not see any other damselflies on my walk – no Skimming Bluets, Stream Bluets or Rainbow Bluets. It’s still early in the season for some of those species, but at least it’s a start!
The dragonfly season for odes that emerge here in Ottawa (as compared to those that migrate from further south) usually begins for me on the May long weekend, if not earlier. Odonate larvae need the waters they inhabit to warm up to a specific temperature in order to begin the transformation process, and this usually requires several days of heat and strong sunshine. Unfortunately this year the temperature was slow to warm up, with many days of cloud and northern winds that made it feel cold even when the sun was shining – I didn’t put my winter coat away until the first day of the long weekend because morning temperatures were still quite cold!
I saw my first dragonfly of 2026 on April 17, 2026 – two days after the date of my first sighting in 2025. These sightings both occurred at the same pond in Stony Swamp along NCC Trail 24, located in the forest east of Bridlewood and west of the large Sarsaparilla Trail pond. I started visiting the trail last spring when I noticed it was a great spot to listen to the early spring frog chorus – Spring Peepers, Boreal Chorus Frogs, and Wood Frogs are all present and calling by mid-April. I am not sure why the pond attracts these early Common Green Darners; perhaps the shallow depth allows the water to warm up quickly, which in turn leads to the hatching of the aquatic insects that the dragonflies (and frogs!) feed on.
I didn’t get a photo of the two males I saw chasing each other over the water on April 17th, but a few days later I spotted at least three or four males patrolling the hydro cut in Monaghan Forest. April 22nd was a warm, sunny day and I had headed there to look for spring ephemerals and early migrants. There was no mistaking the flash of wings of the darners as they zipped through the air. One of them landed, and I got some great photos.
Common Green Darner (Anax junius)
The beginning of dragonfly season is always exciting, even though the first dragonflies that appear are almost always the Common Green Darners that migrate north on the warm winds of April. Other species won’t arrive for several weeks – those are the ones that breed here, and need the ponds and streams to warm up enough to trigger their transformation. If the weather stays warm and sunny for a prolonged period of time they will emerge sooner rather than later – one year I started seeing dragonflies (the early-flying American Emerald and Beaverpond Baskettail) on the 2nd of May! However, if the days remain cold and cloudy, they may not emerge until later in the month. By the Victoria Day long weekend the dragonflies start to emerge in large numbers, with a large number of species taking wing. In another month ode season should start really heating up! Until then, look for the newly-arrived Common Green Darners mating and ovipositing over the water of local ponds, or hunting for insects in sunny meadows and open areas close to water.
The end of the 2025 dragonfly season came to an abrupt end for me. In 2023 and 2024 the warmth extended well into October, which extended the flight season of many species. That was not the case this year. While daytime highs were still quite warm, staying in double-digits until October 24th, nights got cold fairly quickly. A cold spell right in the middle of the month saw two nights fall just below zero; daytime highs were only about 13°C. After October 23 nights were all below 3°C, with five nights just below zero. As a result, I did not see as many dragonfly species this month as I had in previous years.
It was just a quick trip to Cambridge, Ontario, but the weather was so gorgeous I couldn’t resist dragging my dad out for a few nature walks. Although in his mid-70s now, he is still mobile enough to get out, and while I’m looking up for birds and dragonflies, he is usually looking down for snakes and turtles or turning over logs for salamanders.
Because it was late in the season I had checked iNaturalist ahead of time to see what odes had been recorded at the beginning of October. I was blown away when I realized that American Rubyspots were still flying, and that they lived along the Grand River! Their range does not extend to eastern Ontario – they are a southern Ontario bug, though funnily enough there is a population in Montreal.
The drought this summer has been awful – we’ve had less precipitation than normal every month from May through September, and not only are ponds and creeks drying up, but people’s wells are running dry. Ottawa received 48 mm of rain in July, (typical average: 88 mm), 48.2 mm of rain in August (typical average: 79 mm), and 32 mm so far in September (typical average: 90 mm) with still no rain in the forecast. A visit to Richmond Lagoons revealed only a puddle of water in the middle cell – the one which normally has the most water – and the Jock River behind the former sewage lagoons had been reduced to a trickle of water. Meanwhile, Bruce Pit has a large sandy shore which has made it impossible to find odonates that like to perch on emergent plants and stems. I went to Roger’s Pond on September 14th expecting more of the same, but was still shocked by how very little water was present.
Earlier this year I spent some time exploring the creeks of Kanata in an attempt to find some of the creek-loving odonates that inhabit Gatineau Park on this side of the Ottawa River. While I was happy to find new places for damselflies such as Aurora Damsel, Ebony Jewelwing and River Jewelwing, I wasn’t able to find any creek-loving clubtails, darners or spiketails. One place that intrigued me was Brassils Creek in Marlborough Forest. It meanders through a large portion of the forest, though it is wide and marshy in most places where the trails cross it, with a slow-moving current similar to the Jock River. Google maps shows that this creek passes beneath Flood Road just off of Upper Dwyer Hill Road, and on July 12th I spent an hour exploring the area to assess its potential for odes.
Mature Elusive Clubtails are difficult to find. The best way to find one is by simply being in the right place at the right time – a strategy that requires a little knowledge of its preferred habitats and an enormous amount of luck. My first two encounters with a mature adult were entirely unexpected. I was in the right habitat, but as I was fall-birding at the time I wasn’t expecting to see any particularly exciting dragonflies…and unfortunately, the luck that led to my discoveries was of the bad variety – bad for the dragonfly.
I wasn’t planning on looking for dragonflies when I got up early on the morning of August 27th and went for a short drive to Bridge Street just around the corner. I was curious about what type of bridge I might find – and what kind of stream or creek flowed below – as Google Maps showed an open marsh to the north of the bridge and a wooded creek to the south; I was hoping that I could access the water in case it turned out to be a good spot for odonates.
Bridge Street
Marsh north of Bridge Street
Unfortunately, there was no way to get to the water. The land on surrounding the marsh was entirely private, and the water emptied into a gulley on the other side of the bridge with banks too steep to climb down.
Interestingly, the stream below the bridge appeared to be contained within series of rectangular concrete “locks” – perhaps these locks are completely submerged when water levels are normal and the stream is in full spate. I will have to check again next year to see if this theory is true, but in the meantime it looked like an interesting place to go exploring!
Contained Stream below Bridge Street
Despite the lack of water access, it turned out to be a great spot for birds, and I spent almost half an hour there before I had to log onto work. A flock of early migrants was making use of the trees above the marsh, and I saw several Cedar Waxwings, at least two Rose-breasted Grosbeaks, two Gray Catbirds, a Ruby-throated Hummingbird, an Eastern Wood-Pewee, and several warblers including Black-and-white, Yellow-rumped, and Black-throated Green. It was a good thing there were so many birds to watch as I would have missed a pair of darners in a mating wheel fly by if I’d left earlier. I was surprised as it was not even 20°C and still quite cool for odonates; perhaps one of the birds startled them out of the trees. They zoomed around for several seconds locked together, letting me get a long enough look to confirm them as some sort of darner. My first thought was that they were Shadow Darners, as they were quite dark in appearance and lacked the large abdominal spots of other Aeshna darners. Then, to my delight they landed; however, they landed well above my head where I had a tough time seeing them and even more difficulty photographing them. This was the best image I could get, and the brown colouration and mint-green eyes of the male (top dragonfly) made me realize they were NOT Shadow Darners.
Ocellated Darners (Boyeria grafiana)
There are two brown darners in eastern North America, usually called spotted darners due to the distinctive yellowish-white spots on the thorax. These medium-sized darners prefer shady forested streams where they often fly late in the day, patrolling in dimly-lit wooded environments. The Ocellated Darner tends to prefer faster streams than the Fawn Darner, usually with rocky bottoms. Both species are found in Europe, where they are referred to as “spectres”- a much cooler name!
I had seen plenty of Fawn Darners in Quebec but had never seen an Ocellated Darner before. They can be tricky to tell apart, but the Ocellated Darner is more grayish overall while the Fawn Darner is a warmer shade of brown -often looking yellowish in flight. The Ocellated Darner has a very small brown patch at the wing base while the Fawn Darner has larger brown patches. The pale spots on the abdomen and are larger and more prominent in Ocellated Darners. The mature Ocellated Darner has eyes that are brighter and greener than those of the mature Fawn Darner. The cerci of the female Fawn Darner are longer than the cerci of the female Ocellated Darner, which are short enough to mistakenly believe they have broken off.
Although my photo isn’t crisp, it shows enough detail to identify these as Ocellated Darners – a lifer for me! The female’s cerci are short, the male’s eyes are bright green, and both lack brown patches at the base of the wings. In addition, the spots along the abdomen are clearly visible in the male, while those of the Fawn Darner are usually too small to detect from a distance. This ID was confirmed on iNaturalist- my 56th species in Nova Scotia!
It was incredible that I had found this species just around the corner from our trailer. Even better, I had found the male and female in tandem, something rarely seen…females are often difficult to find, and it is believed they lay their eggs after dark. Ocellated Darners prefer cooler temperatures than other dragonflies, flying later in the evening and also on cooler days which explains why they were active so early in the morning. This was definitely the best find of the trip, and now that I know they are there I will have to keep an eye out for them!
I was quite happy when I learned that this year’s North American Odolympics were to take place in mid-August this year. This would be my third year participating; the 2023 Odolympics ran from August 19-27 while the 2024 Odolympics ran from September 7-15, so I was worried that this year’s bioblitz would be held in October! However, with a start date of August 16th (and running till August 24th) it would be my earliest bioblitz yet!
Unfortunately there was one problem with that date: I would be driving to Nova Scotia with my partner and three cats during the entire first weekend! Then came the second blow: while I was excited to participate in my first Nova Scotia Odolympics, a forest fire was burning out of control in Annapolis County (not too far from where our trailer is located); the fire risk was extremely high all throughout the province due to the prolonged drought conditions; and the government had closed the woods to recreational activities, including trails in provincial and national parks. The reason for the closure was to prevent additional human-caused forest fires, which meant hiking, camping, fishing, and driving recreational vehicles on both Crown and private property were all prohibited. This decision was based on the amount of dry, flammable material present which could easily start a fire, and the fine for violating the ban was $25,000. Immediately my dreams of looking for odes along forest creeks – which were already terribly low from a lack of summer rainfall – were dashed, and even places like Miner’s Marsh were out of the question as the marsh had entirely dried up, leaving the dry, cracked muddy bottom completely exposed.
On Sunday, August 10 Chris and I returned to Kazabazua, determined to obtain better photos to confirm that the clubtails we’d seen patrolling above the Kazabazua River were indeed Riverine Clubtails. We started a little later in the day, and headed to the dead-end road past the Eco-Centre around noon. When we got there the only dragonflies flying over the river were Fawn Darners. One hung up on a shady branch in front of me, so I caught it – a great start to the day.
Chris Traynor and I planned a wonderful outing in the Kazabazua area for the August long weekend. He’d been reviewing some of Chris Lewis’s notes about expeditions to the Kazabazua area about an hour north of downtown Ottawa, in particular to a small fen near Danford Lake where she and Bob Bracken had found Zigzag Darners, a Forcipate Emerald and and an Incurvate Emerald. The dates of their expeditions and findings are as follows: August 3, 1998 (several Zigzag Darners and one Forcipate Emerald); August 15, 1999 (several Zigzag Darners and one Incurvate Emerald); August 21, 2000 (6 Zigzag Darners); and August 10, 2002 (5 Zigzag Darners). He’d also dug out some notes from Benoit Menard who had found Subarctic Bluet (the damselfly) and Subarctic Darner (the dragonfly) in the fen. The Incurvate Emerald would be new for Chris; and the Subarctic Bluet, Zigzag Darner, Subarctic Darner, and Forcipate Emerald would be new for both of us, so we were keen on going even if it was a bit early in the season for the dragonflies. This area has the added attraction of being close to the Kazabazua River where we had seen Zebra Clubtails in 2023. I jokingly told Chris I was looking forward to writing a blog post called “Of Zigzags and Zebras” as these species at least seemed almost a sure thing, but the reality was very different.
On the Friday before the long weekend my workplace allowed employees to log off work an hour earlier. This meant I had a beautiful, sunny afternoon to myself starting at 3:30. Andrew Haydon Park and the colony of Vesper Bluets I’d found there two years ago were on my mind, so I drove over right after I closed my laptop. I’d searched for them there the previous weekend, to no avail….I was probably there too early in the day for them and the Orange Bluets as I saw neither species at the water. With the sun setting a little earlier each evening as the earth tilts its way toward the equinox, the shadows were long when I arrived and I thought I might have a chance of seeing both species. I was also looking for Skimming Bluets, darners, and skimmers, though of course any cooperative ode would be welcome!
The forecast for Saturday looked gorgeous, but hot and humid. It’s been one heat wave after another this summer, and while it’s certainly preferable to the rain and smoke we’ve had previous years, I find I get tired faster in the heat.
Chris and I have been planning another trip to Quebec. He’s been eager to explore a section of Meech Creek with hidden rapids and waterfalls that looked good for clubtails and snaketails. I wanted to go with him, but I was worried about exploring a new place when I didn’t know how high or fast the water might be, how much bushwhacking we might have to do, or how long we would be out. So on Friday night I suggested that Chris do an exploratory scouting mission while I headed to a couple of places I haven’t spent too much time yet this year – Sheila McKee Park or Marlborough Forest.
In addition to the Somatochlora emeralds, I saw some other interesting dragonflies at Jack Pine Trail over the past few weeks. The first species was a large dragonfly called the Arrowhead Spiketail. I’ve seen this species many times over the years along the stream at the back of the trail, usually between the first and third weeks of June. Normally I only see them on one or two visits, making me wonder how long their flight season actually is – while the Ottawa Checklist says they fly from early June to early July, I don’t think I’ve actually seen any beyond the third week of June. While the range of dates surely applies to all populations within the Ottawa region, I was certain that individuals lived longer than a single week, and checked the stream each time on my visits to see how many spiketails I could find.
OdoNotations 